Add field arithmetic (mod p operations)

1 files changed, 92 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/field.go b/field.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b865ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/field.go
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+        "fmt"
+        "math/big"
+)
+
+// The prime for secp256k1: 2^256 - 2^32 - 977
+// All field arithmetic happens mod this number
+var P, _ = new(big.Int).SetString(
+        "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFC2F",
+        16,
+)
+
+// FieldElement represents a number in our finite field (mod P)
+type FieldElement struct {
+        value *big.Int
+}
+
+// NewFieldElement creates a field element from a big.Int
+// It automatically reduces mod P
+func NewFieldElement(v *big.Int) *FieldElement {
+        result := new(big.Int).Mod(v, P)
+        return &FieldElement{value: result}
+}
+
+// NewFieldElementFromInt64 is a convenience for small numbers
+func NewFieldElementFromInt64(v int64) *FieldElement {
+        return NewFieldElement(big.NewInt(v))
+}
+
+// Add returns (a + b) mod P
+func (a *FieldElement) Add(b *FieldElement) *FieldElement {
+        result := new(big.Int).Add(a.value, b.value)
+        return NewFieldElement(result)
+}
+
+// Sub returns (a - b) mod P
+func (a *FieldElement) Sub(b *FieldElement) *FieldElement {
+        result := new(big.Int).Sub(a.value, b.value)
+        return NewFieldElement(result)
+}
+
+// Mul returns (a * b) mod P
+func (a *FieldElement) Mul(b *FieldElement) *FieldElement {
+        result := new(big.Int).Mul(a.value, b.value)
+        return NewFieldElement(result)
+}
+
+// Div returns (a / b) mod P
+// Division in a field = multiply by the inverse
+func (a *FieldElement) Div(b *FieldElement) *FieldElement {
+        // a / b = a * b^(-1)
+        // b^(-1) mod P = b^(P-2) mod P  (Fermat's little theorem)
+        inverse := b.Inverse()
+        return a.Mul(inverse)
+}
+
+// Inverse returns a^(-1) mod P using Fermat's little theorem
+// a^(-1) = a^(P-2) mod P
+func (a *FieldElement) Inverse() *FieldElement {
+        // P - 2
+        exp := new(big.Int).Sub(P, big.NewInt(2))
+        // a^(P-2) mod P
+        result := new(big.Int).Exp(a.value, exp, P)
+        return &FieldElement{value: result}
+}
+
+// Square returns a² mod P (convenience method)
+func (a *FieldElement) Square() *FieldElement {
+        return a.Mul(a)
+}
+
+// Equal checks if two field elements are the same
+func (a *FieldElement) Equal(b *FieldElement) bool {
+        return a.value.Cmp(b.value) == 0
+}
+
+// IsZero checks if the element is zero
+func (a *FieldElement) IsZero() bool {
+        return a.value.Sign() == 0
+}
+
+// String returns hex representation
+func (a *FieldElement) String() string {
+        return fmt.Sprintf("%064x", a.value)
+}
+
+// Clone returns a copy
+func (a *FieldElement) Clone() *FieldElement {
+        return &FieldElement{value: new(big.Int).Set(a.value)}
+}